CDR Engineer Free Essays

I had functioned as vascular help designer to help the cardio vascular imaging frameworks in the district doled out to me. I had assumed the liability to deal with the general assistance conveyance and guarantee the consumer loyalty to the ideal level. I gave master telephone and additionally on location specialized help to handle administration and clients to limit hardware vacation while improving consumer loyalty. We will compose a custom article test on CDR Engineer or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now I had assumed extra liability to associate and design all the imaging frameworks to the remote online focus through wide band and virtual private system availability. Since I was the specialized help for the locale, I had the duty to deal with the troublesome specialized issues which couldn't be understood by the field administration engineers. I had stepped up to the plate and play out the force and establishing review for the southern district of India. I had been dependable to assemble the specialized help group. I had given an account of strong line to the territorial help supervisor and dabbed line to all India administration director. I had been doled out to deal with and settle the regular disappointment in portable cardiovascular catheterization imaging framework in one of our significant end client site. This framework had numerous breakdown and picture quality issues. I needed to explain the issue and bring back the client certainty level in our gear quality and administration conveyance. I had accepted it as a test and began the work at the site. This Free CDR Template is brought to your civility of gettingdownunder. com †Free Australian Immigration guidance and assets for those hoping to make the descend under. Individual Workplace Activity: Prior to begin the administration work , I had experienced the administration log books and the blunder log records of the framework to realize the main driver of the multipleâ and visit disappointment of the framework. The information examination from the log book and the administration documents, I discovered some genuine force quality and establishing issue on the site. I had chosen to lead the fundamental force and quality review in the site. I examined the force circulation board and found the force link size was under evaluated and incapable to take the heap. During the imaging framework use these force taking care of links fired warming up and brought about link protection emergency. So I prescribed to change the force taking care of links with the right size to withstand the heap. I estimated the ground impedance and discovered it very high. So I assessed the earth pit and found the holding between the earth wire and the earth bar open. The electrical support division of the emergency clinic educated and restorative move had been made right away. When the restorative move was made, I estimated the ground impedance again and found inside the suggested level. I had booted up the imaging framework and run the framework demonstrative tests to disengage the issue. From the demonstrative test outcomes, I presumed the issue in the High voltage and the control hardware. The high voltage circuit comprises of inverter circuit, HV voltage tank with the fiber transformer, HV links for the anode and the cathode, and the x-beam tube. The square chart as follows Since there was no x-beam yield from the cylinder, I began the investigating from the snubber board which feed the essential side of the HV tank. The snubber board contains four Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors that switches the huge flows applied to the contribution of the enormous advance †up transformer in the High voltage tank. This pcb is structured with exceptionally low DC opposition and inductance to limit the voltage drops at high flows. The resistorcapacitor-diode organize on the board is utilized to clammy the IGBT switch spikes. P. E. 2. 8 Due to the nonappearance of x-beam age, the framework showed low MA and low KV mistake message on the reassure screen. This is because of nonappearance of yield from the auxiliary side of the HV tank. So I turned off the whole framework and I checked the 400v, 70amps semiconductor intertwine on the snubber board and thought that it was imperfect. This wire may be blown because of the flaw current created from the x-beam tube spit. The x-beam tube spit is produced in the glass tube addition of the x-beam because of the arrangement of metallization on the glass dividers. At that point I checked This Free CDR Template is brought to your kindness of gettingdownunder. com †Free Australian Immigration guidance and assets for those hoping to make the descend under. obstruction between IGBT producer terminal and the case ground with the genuine RMS multimeter and discovered short. This demonstrated the harm of wire protection in the IGBT. I discovered both the IGBT module flawed with the producer to frame ground short. So I supplanted the IGBT module with the enhanced one. After the substitution of IGBT module, I expelled the anode and cathode HV link on the cylinder side and investigated the HV link connector and discovered part of carbon stores because of the cylinder spit. The carbon store on the HV link pins hamper the compelling conductivity, so I cleaned the connectors with Chemotronics Electro-wash arrangement. I checked the HV repository well on the xray cylinder and discovered it totally harmed. The protection between the fiber flexibly and matrix was totally lost. So I discovered it not repairable and the whole x beam tube get together required the substitution. I supplanted the x-beam tube gathering with the upgraded one. Before the force on, I chose to twofold check the HV tank which is the principle part of HV Circuit. The HV tank builds up the very high voltage important to work the x-beam tube (up to 125kv). The tank incorporates full advance up transformer, high voltage rectifiers, x-beam tube fiber transformers, yield mama and KV sensors and connectors. I checked the rectifiers and the essential and auxiliary windings of the transformer for any imperfection and discovered everything alright. P. E. 2. 11 Then I chose to do the KV in Open Loop test in HV tank. So I expelled the HV links on the HV tank yield and filled the HV tank yield container with mineral oil. Later I turned on the framework and run the KV open circle test and it passed alright. At that point I reestablished the HV link association between the tank and the x-beam tube in framework off state. P. E. 2. 12 The x-beam cylinder and IGBT module substitution required the accompanying alignment and alterations for the ordinary and safe capacity of the framework IGBT Module Dead time wave structure modifications Filament Calibration KV and MA metering alignment Radiation portion alignment First I needed to alter the dead time between the KV drives flags on every one of the IGBT sets to continue with the other adjustment appropriately. The inappropriate dead time modification may prompt harm of IGBT and the Generator driver load up (which supplies the trigger heartbeat to the IGBT module). I associated the double follow oscilloscope on the test focuses on the Generator driver board and watched the waveform of both the IGBT drive signal. I found the drive signal between the base and producer of the IGBTs out of resilience during the pinnacle load. So this may prompt cross-conduction in the IGBT module and the obliteration of IGBT module. This Free CDR Template is brought to your politeness of gettingdownunder. com †Free Australian Immigration guidance and assets for those hoping to make the descend under. The Generator driver PCB’s essential occupation is to change over the KVP drive signal from the High Voltage Supply controller PCB to the levels important to drive the IGBTs on the SNUBBER PCB. So I associated the oscilloscope in the high voltage controller PCB test focuses and found the sufficiency and recurrence of the waveforms typical. So the underlying driver was segregated and related to the Generator driver PCB. The issue was found on two of comparator’s yield drives the entryway transformers, which give disengagement from the high present hardware and from high voltages present on every one of the IGBT module. The blemished comparator IC chips were evacuated and supplanted with the enhanced one. After the substitution of the comparator IC chips the drive signals were discovered typical. I had continued with the IGBT dead time modification with the degree meter associated with the generator driver PCB and set it inside the more secure breaking point. I had checked the waveforms on the degree meter during the pinnacle load condition and discovered alright. I played out the fiber alignment at various KV and Ma station and refreshed the framework fiber drive database. This refreshed database may be utilized by the fiber driver PCB to drive the fiber transformer to yield right x-beam tube flow concurring the radiation method. After the fiber alignment, I balanced the KV and MA metering change in accordance with sense and show the right KV and MA estimation of X-beam tube on the support during the time radiation introduction. Likewise I adjusted the X-beam shaft with the picture intensifier in various Field of perspectives. Accordingly I had run the collimator alignment for altering the collimator sharp edges in various field of perspectives. The camera Iris opening is changed in accordance with set the radiation portion at a more secure cutoff suggested by the maker. The picture quality was tuned to ideal level. Outline I had checked and tuned the imaging framework for the ideal picture quality. I run diverse introduction strategies with the Image Quality Signature Test Phantom and found the qualities inside the particular. The client was enchanted with the presentation and the This Free CDR Template is brought to your kindness of gettingdownunder. com †Free Australian Immigration exhortation and assets for those hoping to make the descend under. picture nature of the framework after the culmination of the administration work. It was a test for me to investigate the framework with numerous disappointments. Throughout inconvenience shooting I investigated the circuits and disengaged the issue zones with the assistance of the information obtained from my field understanding and building

To what extent does success in china depend on businesses Essay Example for Free

What exactly degree does accomplishment in china rely upon organizations Essay Accomplishment for a business in a huge market, for example, china can be an extremely troublesome thing to accomplish; there are numerous variables that can influence the achievement or disappointment of a business that chooses to converge into Chinas markets. A great many people would accept that because of the enormous populace of china (approximately 1. 35 billion/l ,363,496,913) working a business there would not be an issue, this anyway is wrong, Just on the grounds that there is bunches of individuals there doesnt for brief make it any simpler to set u-p and maintain an effective business. The central matter I would state that is fundamental to achievement in china s adjustment. In the event that a business can adjust well to its environmental factors, I. e. the capacity to effortlessly change its items and administrations to coordinate the requirements of the nearby shopper. Because an organization has been effective in other huge nations with large markets, doesn't imply that they have the stuff to succeed all over the place. Having the option to change an item extend, or the manner in which a help is given to the shopper should be done so as to do well in China. Take for instance Starbucks espresso, what Starbucks did directly in China is an ideal case of how food brands can ucceed regardless of rising work and land costs, and expanded rivalry on the Mainland. Rather than attempting to compel onto the market similar items that work in the U. S, for example, whip cream-secured solidified espresso inventions, Starbucks created flavors, (for example, green tea-enhanced espresso drinks) that intrigue to nearby tastes. This adjustment in the items that Starbucks offer is the motivation behind why individuals in china became tied up with the Starbucks chain, by observing items that they would ordinarily drink, and having drinks made to their own needs and needs Starbucks had the option to cook recisely to what they needed by doing investigation into what might function admirably. Just as the items, Starbucks likewise changed the manner by which the buyers really got their beverages. Instead of pushing take-out requests, which represent most of American deals and is the means by which they made such a major domain, Starbucks adjusted to neighborhood purchaser needs and advanced feast in administration. Making their chain stores customary and fitting with the nearby culture. Shockingly Starbucks charges as much as half more for a portion of its items in China than in the U. S. , the U. K. what's more, India, however yet it is as yet a tremendous achievement, this is on the grounds that the business provided food well for the necessities and adjusted. Conveying a Starbucks cup is viewed as a superficial point of interest, an approach to show refinement and the capacity to manage the cost of an individual extravagance for the cutting-edge white collar class in China. This connections into the brand acknowledgment that Starbucks has made for itself and shows how they deliberately focused on their items at the new white collar class, it is evaluated that its in excess of 300 million, effectively bigger han the whole populace of the United States. This white collar class is about 25% of the all out Chinese populace and as Starbucks has such a conspicuous brand individuals are progressively subject to visit the store. In any case, that being said some huge organizations have attempted to adjust for the Chinese markets, and fizzled in spite of their endeavors.

Philosophical Human Nature

Philosophical Human Nature Philosophers on Human Nature Nov 19, 2018 in Persuasive Essay Philosophers About Human Nature Philosophers all over the world have always had hot debates over the issue of the fundamental human nature. Some of them, like John Locke, thought that people were born as a blank state, but they are willing and able to do good things (Locke, 1959). However, there were opposite opinions, and other philosophers believed that human nature was evil and tainted. Unfortunately, this opinion seems to be more realistic. It can be seen in the society and from the history that people constantly go against social rules, arrange wars and bloody revolutions, have evil intentions, hurt others, and lie. Most humans think only about themselves and their personal benefit. The todays level of violence in the world, racism, and other social issues prove this fact. However, this is not just a product of civilization, as the examples of corrupted human nature can be seen in any part of the history, including the Stone Age. Wars and invasions have been taking place in all ages, and one can hardly find ev en a single year when there were no wars somewhere on earth. This essay explores the idea that human nature is based on self-interest and does not imply self-sacrificial care for others.

Racial Identity And Ethnic Identity - 863 Words

Paper One My racial identity and ethnic identity are tied to my everyday experiences as an African American. I identify as African American or black because it’s my culture. I born by two black parents and grew up in a black household. Although I was often told by my parents that I’m black, I would say that the term â€Å"Black† was given to me before I even entered the world. The term â€Å"Black† was given to Africans by Europeans when they took us as slaves to the Americas. Ever since then, the one drop rule applied to anyone with African heritage in the United States. In â€Å"What White Supremacist taught a Jewish Scholar About Identity† by Abby L. Ferber, she proves that race is a social construct. While researching the readings of white†¦show more content†¦However, no matter how much Asian Americans assimilate into mainstream America through economic gains, White Americans will still view Asian Americans as non-white. My other identities directly impact my experience as being black because I deal with heterosexism everyday. Furthermore, because I identity as a man and was born male, I don’t experience cissexism nor sexism. All of my identities are important to me because it makes me who I am and includes me with others who share my identity. For example, in â€Å"Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together† by Beverly Daniel Tatum, she explains the reasoning behind why black students sit together in the cafeteria. Tatum states that the reason why is because they all understand each other experiences. Unlike people who don’t share my identities, I am able to relate to those that do and share my experiences. In the end, this creates a safe place for me because I know my thoughts are valid and understood. Although my identities create shared experiences, sometimes it conflicts with those who don’t share my identities. In some cases, I assume people view me as a stereotypical black person because I’m black. In â€Å"Defining Racism† by Tatum, she talks about how people can internalize stereotypes because of racism. Growing in the United States, theShow MoreRelatedEthnic Identity And Racial Identity866 Words   |  4 PagesEthnic identity remains one of the most extensively studied topics in the social sciences. The book â€Å"Studying Ethnic Identity† provides insight into the dynamic process that goes into the formation of ethnic-racial identity by psychological researchers. Ethnic and racial identity is a subject that is important to study because it has been associated with positive well-being, psychological distress, and academic attitudes (Rivas-Drake, Syed, et al, 2014; Smith Silva, 2011). Past research has triedRead MoreRace And Ethnic Identity : Ra cial Identity1000 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 RACE AND ETHNIC IDENTITY In many perspectives, racial identities mean the differences in appearances of individuals especially with regards to the color of skin. Racial identities are mostly determined genetically or biologically. This includes traits like hair, bone structure color of the eyes etc. In recent times the biological determination of race has been disputed by social scientists who also propounds that races have more fluid social contexts. On the other hand, ethnicity encompassesRead MoreEssay Racial and Ethnic Identity909 Words   |  4 Pages The African, Mexican, and Native persons have all interacted with the Dominant American culture in some magnitude; consequently altering each different group’s racial and ethnic Identity. Throughout the semester, I have discovered that in much literature writers had an ideal perspective on their own identity as well as the identity that the dominant culture influenced them to have. While doing some research I wanted to see what would be a transitional time frame for a person to be un-conditionedRead MoreEthnic And Racial Identity During Adolescence Into Young Adulthood855 Words   |  4 PagesThe peer reviewed article â€Å"Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence into Young Adulthood: An Integrated Conceptualization† is a well written article on the struggle that people of color face when coming face to face with their identity in social situations. Uman a-Taylor, Quintana, Lee, Cross, Rivas-Drake, Schwartz and Seaton (2014) analyzed ethnic and racial identity or ERI and how it relates to important developments and issues from early childhood well on into young adulthood. They workedRead MoreRacial And Ethnic Identity : Racial Prejudice, Racism, And The Harsh Human Nature1306 Words   |  6 Pagespeople’s identity. Most have manifested race as their own and as a unified group. This does not need to be a bad thing. If people can acknowledge their race as an opportunity to learn, think, and grow, they will realize and understand that having a post-racial word would be, in fact, a provocation to their cultural knowledge. The world will never reach a post-racial society because of culture, religion, and the harsh human nature. The world will never be post-racial because of culture. Racial andRead MoreImportance Of Race Ethnicity : An Exploration Of Asian, Black, Latino, And Multiracial Adolescent Identity Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 12th, 2015 Dr. Wang Article Critique #1 Importance of race-ethnicity: An exploration of Asian, Black, Latino, and Multiracial adolescent identity Article source- Charmaraman, L., Grossman, J. M. (2010, April). Importance of race-ethnicity: An exploration of Asian, Black, Latino, and Multiracial adolescent identity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 144-151. doi: 10.1037/a0018668 (a) Contextual information about the purpose/intention of this study: Throughout theRead MoreCultural Identity And Ethnic Identity1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe models of cultural identity share most of the same mutual characteristic but the experiences each individual endure in life will have the individual thinking about their belief. The cultural identity is the individuality or feeling of belonging. When thinking about a Native American understanding the racial and ethnic identity of an individual is important part of that individual. Racial and ethnic identity is a contribution to complete understanding the Native American. For some mainlyRead MoreRace Construction Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesEthnology Draft Racial constructions in the United States beyond white and black Race construction in the United States has been socially constructed since the founding of the republic. Racial differences and the development of various ethnic identities have been affected by the rigidity of racial categories in the United States, these include American Indian or Alaskan Native, black or African American, Native Hawaiian or other Asian Pacific Islander, and white. The racial divide in the UnitedRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1131 Words   |  5 Pages2DG-40 December 4th, 2015 Identity Crisis in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Almost all teens experience some sort of an identity crisis. They struggle with finding a clearer sense of themselves. Arnold Spirit Jr., a 14-year-old reservation Indian, faces an identity crisis when he leaves his reservation to go to school in Reardan, a town inhibited by white people. To begin, Arnold moves between different settings, and when he does, there is a change in his identity. Moreover, there is aRead MoreThe concept of identity is a very wide and subjective area. Identities can both be chosen and800 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of identity is a very wide and subjective area. Identities can both be chosen and given, and are sources of disconnection and connection. Identities are not solely applied to people, but to places too. A places identity can both positively and negatively affect peoples identities. My essay will examine the argument that places can be a source of inclusion and exclusion for specific communities, how identities are constructed and linked to other places and identities are marked and

Essay on King Tut - 991 Words

King Tutankhamun Introduction King Tutankhamun was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty who ruled from1333 BC – 1324 BC, during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom. He is the most recognized and probably the most famous pharaoh today because of the discovery of his tomb and his treasures. King Tut’s tomb was a major discovery of the 19th century. It was a phenomenal discovery that made headlines across the world. Up until the discovery of King Tut’s tomb, it was believed that all royal tombs had been robbed and drained of their treasure. The Discovery Tutankhamuns tomb was discovered in the Valley of the Kings KV62 on November 4, 1922 by the British Egyptologist Howard Carter. The Tomb was discovered near†¦show more content†¦A Curse has also been mentioned thought there this no real evidence of this being true. Technology used There were various uses of technology used in this excavation. Carter made the hole in the upper left-hand corner and used other tools to start to chip away at the opening. Candles were used when Carter held the candle into the darkness and permitted his eyes to adjust to the warm ancient air that exited the tomb this air made the candle flicker. The gold furniture became illuminated by the small candle. The next day, Callender came prepared with electric lights and those were set up inside the tomb. This allowed the four of them to explore the tomb more freely. Cameras were used because the tomb was eventually excavated and heavily photographed. It was largely damaged by Carters team, when sharp tools were used to remove his gleaming gold-and-blue death mask. X rays were used because archaeologists last opened Tutankhamuns tomb in 1968, when British scientist Ronald Harrison took a series of X-rays. A radiographer was used to radiographs revealed a bone fragment in his skull, pr ompting speculation that the boy pharaoh was killed by a blow to the head. Also a various of other tools were used to excavated the area. Careers involved Though there are many careers that made this discovery possible Howard Carter was an English archaeologist and Egyptologist born in Kensington England. Lord Carnarvon was a silent financialShow MoreRelated King Tut Essay1998 Words   |  8 Pages King Tutankhamen The Boy King King Tutankhamen ,or King Tut, was one of the youngest kings to reign over any country. amp;#8220;The Boy King; is best remembered for his magnificent funeral treasures, including his elaborate golden burial mask. King Tut achieved a measure of immortality through his glittering burial treasures. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; King Tut was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty who reigned from about 1348 to 1339 BC. His name can be spelled a variety of ways includingRead MoreThe Death of King Tut Essay617 Words   |  3 Pagesis there no positive evidence to suggest how he died. However, there are several theories and many of which have changed over the years. One theory suggests that King Tut was murdered. During an xray of the mummy in 1968, scientists found â€Å"bone fragments in King Tut’s skull prompting this theory†. Another theory as to what caused King Tut’s death was a genetic disorder known as gynecomastia, a hormone imbalance which gives males a female appearance. The final theory was that he died from a â€Å"breakRead MoreKing Tut s Curse, Real Or Fiction?1731 Words   |  7 PagesKing Tut’s Curse, Real or Fiction? Ancient Egypt was my favorite topic in social studies. As far back as I could remember. I have always been interested, especially since Egypt is a neighboring country to Libya, my second home. The world is still fascinated, and intrigued by its mysteries. Who build the pyramids? How were they built by? One of the most asked questions were. Who was King Tut? Was there really a curse? King Tutankhamen took reign at the very young age of nine, after his father Akhenaten’sRead MoreThe Excavation Of King Tut s Tomb951 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge about the world of the past is opened. The Colosseum built under the reign of Emperor Vespasian of Rome and the Gà ¶bekli Tepe of the Neolithic Era prevail as one of the most extraordinary structures of the ancient world (#). The excavation of King Tut’s tomb further unveils valuable information about life in ancient Egypt. An architectural structure like the Colosseum reflects the values and cultures of the ancient Roman civili zation. This freestanding elliptical amphitheater has the capacityRead MorePharaohs King Tut was a fascinating pharaoh at most. There isn’t much on who king Tut was or when700 Words   |  3 PagesPharaohs King Tut was a fascinating pharaoh at most. There isn’t much on who king Tut was or when he was born or how he died. But some people have dedicated there lives to find out who he was. He was born during the Golden Age. He became king a surprisingly young age. He achieved many things and had an important job. His death was and still is a mystery to most. It was said he wasn’t in his original tomb. But he was eventually found. King Tut became a Pharaoh at a really young age and he had manyRead MoreKing Tut s Death Mask And The Statues Of Rameses2207 Words   |  9 Pagesthrough the glass enclosing the precious jewels, fragmented pottery and statues, and frayed and often threadbare garments that before adorned peasant and monarch alike. Nevertheless, it is the fascinating intricacies and myths surrounding pieces such as King Tut’s death mask and the statues of Rameses the Great that still grip one with awe and leave lingering unanswered questions behind. What was Egypt like during the reign of each of these age-old monarchs? Even more so, what traits and morals did eachRead MoreThe Curse on King Tutankhamen827 Words   |  3 Pages The Curse of the Pharaoh, King Tutankhamen, is world renowned and a very popular book and movie topic. Although these works are interesting, they do not cover the entire story. There is so much more to the curse that many people do not know. As you read this paper, you will begin to understand the truth of the curse, not what Hollywood wants you to know. So, what is the curse? The Curse of the Pharaoh was uncovered after the discovery of King Tutankhamen’s in March of 1923. A novelist whoseRead MoreThe Excavation and Discovery of Tutankhamuns Tomb Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesExcavating the Tomb of Tutankhamun, Tour Egypt, http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/tutexcavation.htm accessed 16/5/14 Hurley T, Medcalf P, Murray C, Rolph J, Antiquity 1, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp 91-94. Author Unknown, 2000, Entering King Tut’s Tomb 1923, Eyewitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com accessed 16/5/14 Saunders J, 2012, Howard Carter and the Tomb of Tutankhamun, History in an hour, http://www.historyinanhour.com/2012/11/04/howard-carter-and-the-tomb-of-tutankhamun/Read MoreThe Artistic And Architectural Evidence For The Nubian Assimilation Of Egyptian Forms And Ideas934 Words   |  4 PagesIII made it and Ramesses II made the additions. Sadly, early Christians defaced most of the artifacts. It was originally for the Nubian version of Horus, later they rededicated to Amun-Re. The oldest temple is Amada, from the 18th and 19th dynasty King Tut the III and Amenhotep II were involved with its creation. The preservation of the temple is due to Christians plastering over the reliefs. In the back of the temple there are inscriptions that tell about the wars in Syria of Amenhotep II’s andRead MoreWhy King Tutankhamun Is So Well Known?942 Words   |  4 Pagesthings they had to do, but those are just three of the main ones. In most civilizations these rulers were called kings, but in Ancient Egypt the kings, or rulers, were also called pharaohs. One of these pharaohs was a boy that went by the name of King Tutankhamun, or King Tut for short. This young king is perhaps one of the best known pharaohs of this time period. In order to find out why King Tutankhamun is so well known we can look at his early life, his time in power, and his death. In 1341 B.C.E

The Relationship Between Corporations and the Environment Free Essays

string(28) " built in Waterbury and St\." The relationship between corporations and the environment is a tumultuous one. Corporations have abused and violated the environment for generations. These actions have now become unacceptable in our present society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Corporations and the Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is growing concern for our natural resources; the world’s forests, waterways, and air are noticeably tainted. In the last twenty years, the U. S. has become more vigilant in recognizing and passing acts to attempt to regulate and purify our environment. Between 1938 and 1986, twelve acts regarding business and the environment have been passed. The Food and Drug Administration established the first act in 1938. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act was passed to regulate food and drug additives. The Delaney Clause in 1958 added the prohibition of the sale of foods containing human or animal carcinogens to the original act. The Wilderness Act of 1964 outlawed the development of wilderness areas and gave new procedures for the appointment of new protected areas. In 1969, the National Environment Policy Act created a nation wide environmental policy and the Council on Environmental Quality. A year later, the first legislation passed for the Clean Air Act. It was relegislated in 1977 and again in 1990. This act established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control the enforcement of air quality standards. In 1972, both the Federal Insecticide and Rodenticide Act and the Clean Water Act were passed. They were relegislated in 1988; and 1977, 1981, and 1987 respectively. FIFRA requires the registration of every pesticide, certification and preconsumer testing. The Clean Water Act established standards for wastewater treatment, sludge management, and set discharge limitation and water quality standards. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 protects animals that are threatened or endangered. Relegislated in 1984, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 standardized the manufacturing, transportation, storage, treatment and dumping of solid and hazardous waste. Also passed in 1976 was the Toxic Substances Control Act, which delegates the EPA control over the assessment of risks involved in chemicals and recordkeeping. 1980 saw the passing of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Recovery Act, which brought liability upon the owners, transporters and sources of hazardous waste, and established the Superfund to help with cleanup costs. The Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act requires companies to publicly disclose all chemical and toxic hazards in their operations. 1 These acts have often left companies feeling as though their hands were tied. The Clean Air Act by 1989 managed to reduce air pollution to two thirds of the 1970’s level. The Act achieves this through the use of permits to regulate the construction and production of major sources of pollution. The act specifies that a major source is one that emits 100 tons or more per year. This means that a factory can be built that emits 90 tons of pollution per year with out a permit. A permit is also necessary if you want to increase an existing factory that emits 100 tons by 25 tons. This act has its shortcomings. For example, a university wants to expand its heating plant. The administration has two options either modify the existing plant or build a new plant. The university’s heating plant emits 100 tons of pollution, this means that they will need a permit. The modification would normally be more cost effective because it is a smaller job and would not take as much time to accomplish. The practicality of the situation would force the building of a new heating plant that is to be smaller than 100 tons of pollution. The reason for this is the delay, cost and uncertainty of the permitting process, which would drive the over all cost up. It is probable that the modification of the single plant would ultimately produce less pollution that the two separate plants. 2 The SARA, or Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act passed by the government as an addendum to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Recovery Act specifies that companies make public details of their storage and handling techniques. All firms manufacturing 300 specific chemicals must abide by this. Firms with ten or more full time workers must painstakingly report must report all chemicals released routinely. The quantity of the specific chemicals released into water, soil, and air, along with a listing of waste treatment efficiency must be made available to the surrounding community. It is difficult for companies to cite specific waste treatment facilities, for not many true ones exist. The public demands total removal of hazardous wastes and at the same time that the goods be produced with the same efficiency and quality. 3 The Clean Water Act is a system of minimum national standards for the discharge of toxins and hazardous waste into the environment. The rules given call for complicated technical decisions to be made by businesses. The fact that a company must comply with all new standards within a year causes for much loss and payment of fines. These acts do have negative effects upon businesses. However, corporations are finding advantages to environmentally sound procedures. Not only are environmentally friendly policies popular with consumers, but they can also save businesses a great deal of money. As the acts and their socially conscious agenda become more assimilated into the business world, business is working to gain advantage and minimize disadvantages. Many case studies support this idea. Corporations have discovered that they can often use environmental friendly programs and products to produce more profits. An excellent example of this is Ben and Jerry’s ice cream company. The company began by making all natural ice cream on a very small scale in Burlington, Vermont in 1978. Natural food held great appeal in Vermont, even before it held nation-wide popularity. Soon, their product became extremely popular. Ben and Jerry’s all natural products provided the first benefits of environmental-friendly policies for the company. Later, when two large manufacturing facilities were built in Waterbury and St. You read "The Relationship Between Corporations and the Environment" in category "Essay examples" Albans Vermont, they decided to treat the waste created form their processing with a prototype solar aquatic treatment system. Like a wetland, the system combines solar energy with plants, algae and microbes to break down wastewater. Three â€Å"green teams† strive to ensure compliance with their priorities of managing their waste, conserving energy, practicing sustainability, finding renewable energy sources and forming environmentally positive community programs. Besides these positive actions, which attract many customers, other environmentally correct actions save Ben and Jerry’s money. Instead of sending massive amounts of waste to the landfill, the company implemented procedures that minimize waste and reduce cost simultaneously. Cardboard waste is baled and sold or recycled, which saves the company $17,400 annually. Office employees must follow a recycling program to save energy, cost and trees. $235,000 a year is saved in recycling or reusing plastic buckets. As much as $250,000 a year will be saved from new energy saving devices incorporated by the company. There are environmentally positive aspects in every part of the company which prove Ben and Jerry’s to be unhypocritical, for the environmentally friendly image they sell their products. Since their total sales were $97 million in 1991, it seems that this philosophy works and brings about a large customer base. 4 Other companies have found profit through environmentally safe Merck Co. , a worldwide health product corporation for animals and humans, and specialty chemicals balances profit and responsibility even in the face of SARA. To maintain an inner accordance, Merck runs its operations with the same regard for health and well being that its products have. Merck has declared, â€Å"†¦ our commitment is to conduct our business worldwide in a manner that will protect the environment as well as the health and safety of our employees and the public. â€Å"5 Merck made formal its environmental commitment in 1990. In 1990, the company published a statement giving its environmental policies and goals. The progress toward these objectives was charted through periodic reports in a set five-year period. The objectives set by Merck were specific. The minimization of chemicals released into the atmosphere, in turn harming people, animals, the ozone layer, and causing acid rain and the greenhouse effect was one goal. Research to find new ways to minimize waste and conserve resources was a priority. Reduction of waste generation and self-sufficient waste treatment and disposal were another goal. Energy and resource conservation practices were to be utilized in its research, manufacturing and office facilities. Lastly, resource conservation was to be promoted through innovative product design and recyclable materials. 6 Merck, like all chemical producers, was directly confronted with SARA. Though the company is not forced to reduce emissions, its operation procedures go far above SARA suggestions and Clean Air Act regulations. Voluntarily, the company made a commitment to the EPA to follow these higher standards. Merck specifically vowed to reduce carcinogen air emissions by 90% at the end of 1991. Also, these air emissions were to be eradicated by 1993. Finally, Merck would reduce releases of corporate chemicals by around 90% of all direct releases and material transfers for off site disposal by the end of 1995. Merck had reduced all its worldwide releases of toxic chemicals by 50% from 1987 figures by the end of 1992. 7 The goals focusing on toxic waste processing and reductions were to be achieved through a strategic plan at division and plant levels. Divisions, plants and salaried employees directly or indirectly involved with manufacturing were to implement personal goals to help Merck achieve their overall goals. The eight plants under Merck’s manufacturing division, along with the two manufacturing vice-presidents, were each accountable for the reduction and better management of waste in the plants. A central environmental resource staff coordinated and supported the effort. SOurce reduction was the biggest priority, followed by recovery/recycling/reuse, and waste management. Most of Merck’s waste is non toxic. The toxic minority consists of primarily ethyl alcohol, acetone and methyl alcohol, used in manufacturing processes. The waste stream is boiled, the purified vapors condensed, and the liquid recollected. 90% is recovered for reuse. The remaining 10% is toxic waste. 8 Packaging components have experienced reduction in the interest of landfill space and resource conservation. Cotton wadding in drug bottles has been eliminated in the US. In Europe, there has been a 10% reduction in aluminum and foil waste. A conversion in Europe to standard blister packaging and high volume carton printing reduces waste and saves money. 9 New and more efficient equipment helps to reduce Merck’s waste management problems. By standardizing and improving production, Merck is less likely to encounter problems with the FDA for making drug production changes. Approval for production changes is extremely time and cost consuming. Yield and product quality standards are on the same level as environmental standards. Merck, â€Å"takes responsibility for the total life cycle of materials we use and products we manufacture. â€Å"10 Merck keeps lines of communication open with the public concerning its environmental policies. By working with the Chemical Manufacturers Association’s Responsible Care Program, Merck provides information to the public through a 1-800 number. The number is linked directly to Merck, where questions regarding Merck plants are answered. Emergency response systems are in place at factories, and for Merck transports. Literature regarding operations and safety procedures are distributed by Merck to keep the public informed. 11 Merck’s environmental commitment extends to its corporate headquarters. Environmental preservation of woodland and wetlands upon the site was the priority. The 900,000 square foot hexagon-shaped building and the 700,000 square foot underground parking garage made a minimal effect upon the land. Awards and recognition were in order for this achievement. Kevin Roche, an architect known for designs that blend into the environment, was chosen for the project. The hexagon building surrounds five acres of forest, roads go over the land, and trees were moved rather than destroyed. They were nurtured in a nursery for as long as three years and then returned to the landscape. Energy saving features were utilized in the main building. All paper waste, the principal waste product, is recycled. 2. 8 tons of waste are produced per day, of which 8 tons are recyclable. 12 Merck has made an agreement with the Costa Rican Instituto Nacional de Biodivarsidad (INBio) to grant a million dollars to catalog the immensely diverse life found in Costa Rico. In exchange, Merck is granted the rights to any new medicines found. If a new medicine is found, the royalties will surpass the cost of the failure of the project. The diversity of Costa Rico is thought by scientists to contain more biodiversity then any other planet on earth. Many unknown animals and plants exist in Costa Rico and have yet to be discovered. Merck is training local people to take samples and perform extractions. INBio will analyze the samples. Merck will evaluate samples for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. This mutual beneficent relationship will aid both the environment and Merck. 13 By improving their product, cutting their costs, and improving their public image, Merck has made a profit from environmental friendliness. The envirometal centered policy has opened up new markets and gained a competitive advantage. This compliance is expensive, but seems well worth the expenditure for the return. The EPA also has developed incentives in recent years for environmental policy compliance. The Green Lights program gives companies EPA support to drive down lighting usage, which accounts for over 20% of overall electrical costs. Software, financing information, lighting product consumer reporting is provided free of charge. Public recognition is given through public service ads, news articles, marketing materials, broadcast specials and videotapes. Computer manufacturers who install automatic â€Å"power down† on their computers join the Energy Star program endorsed by the EPA. Consumers and businesses look specifically for this symbol in many cases, causing a gain for the computer manufacturer. Variable Speed Drives for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems save 40% or more efficiency. The EPA has formed a special group buy to make them more affordable. Payback is within three years. Plans are on the board to endorse other â€Å"green† technologies this way. Refrigerators that are produced and function 30-50% more energy efficient then 1993 standards will receive a rebate. These are just a few incentives the EPA is providing. 14 Government and business have often debated over policies and laws. In the case of laws governing business practices and their effects on the environment, this holds true. The balance between being environmentally safe and still producing the quality and quantities needed is delicate. However, today’s market makes environmental friendliness sellable, and the procedures involved often save businesses a considerable amount of money. Ben and Jerry’s have utilized the market for environmentally aware products and combined it with their company philosophy. Merck has utilized the same business strategy and found ways to surpass SARA and other environmental acts. These businesses prove that being environmentally responsible is not only morally correct, but also profitable. How to cite The Relationship Between Corporations and the Environment, Essay examples

Soil Component Lab Essays - Biology, Nature, Natural Environment

Soil Component Lab The purpose of this lab is to separate soil by setting in water to find the % of various components. In this lab I learned a lot. I learned that there is a lot more stuff to the soil than we can see; there is floating leaf litter, Sunken leaf litter, silt and sand all in a jar of soil. However, it takes time to sort itself out and that is why we left it alone for a week so it could separate out into all the different layers. The composition of the soil could effect organisms in the quadrat for many reasons. The composition effects the nutrients. Plants require a certain amount of nutrients to produce what they need to. The nutrients come from the decomposed soil so it has to be the right amount of decomposition that takes place. We have mostly granite rocks in this area and soil derived from granite this effects us and plants in a big way. Granite rocks cause acid rain because of the chemicals that they that they give off into the air. A plant requires a pH of 6.8-7.0. The acid rain will change the pH so that it is not that. Our soil component graph compared pretty much the same with the other graphs in our class. The only thing that was a little bit different was the floating leaf litter at the top of the jar. I think this was just because of the soil that we got and the way we got it. This data effects people in many ways. It effects farmers and people that grow crops the most because their plants need a certain amount of nutrients to grow and produce what they need to produce. If this is different in any kind of way the plants will get either to much nutrients or to little nutrients that will kill it.